'Cause my hair is curly

Public release date: 30-Oct-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Prof. Gottfried Brem
gottfried.brem@vetmeduni.ac.at
43-125-077-5600
University of Veterinary Medicine -- Vienna

In 1987, a domestic cat rescued from a shelter in Montana, USA surprisingly gave birth to a curly-haired kitten. The kitten ended up mating with a Persian male and giving birth to a mixture of curly-haired and normal-haired kittens, which strongly suggested that the mutation in the rescued cat was dominant in nature: its presence on one of the two copies of the gene involved is sufficient to cause cats to have curly hair. The curly-haired kittens were attractive and were soon recognized as a new breed: the Selkirk Rex.

There are currently registered Selkirk Rex breeders throughout the world and their cats are extremely popular. Surprisingly, though, until recently there had not been any attempt to characterize the mutation responsible. Together with colleagues at the University of California, Davis and at Agrobiogen in Germany, Serina Filler and Gottfried Brem at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna have investigated the new breed and now present an initial description of the underlying mutation.

Because the mutation is dominant, Selkirk Rex cats may be homozygous (i.e. carry two copies of the mutation) or heterozygous (with one mutated and one "normal" copy of the gene). In fact, heterozygous cats are more popular as they show shorter ears, a more rounded head and a fully curled coat, all features that conform to the written standard for the breed. Homozygous cats tend to lose a large amount of hair when young, although they do not show bald areas of skin.

Filler examined the pattern of inheritance of these traits in over 150 cats, examining the DNA of most of them. She was able to show that the gene mutated in Selkirk Rex is distinct from mutations in other recognized breeds and she termed the mutation SADRE, or Selkirk Autosomal Dominant REx. Her analysis of the 20 available pedigrees suggested that the original mutation arose about eight or nine generations ago, which fits well with the breed's known history.

Cat breeds are very closely controlled and it is permitted to cross Selkirk Rex cats not only with other Selkirk Rexes but also with Persians, Exotic Shorthairs, British Shorthairs and British Longhairs. Because of this, the Selkirk Rex is a genetically diverse breed with a low coefficient of inbreeding. It seems to be closely related to Persian and British Shorthair cats, presumably reflecting the frequency with which cats of these breeds have been crossed with Selkirk Rex animals in the past. The influence of the British Shorthair seems more pronounced and this is consistent with the overall body shape of the animals.

Filler's results confirm that the Selkirk Rex breed arose from a spontaneous mutation in a single cat around 25 years ago. As the mutation is dominant it has been comparatively easy to retain and the breed appears to have a healthy level of genetic diversity because of the number of crosses with other breeds. As Filler says, "the present level of diversity within the Selkirk Rex would seem to be sufficient for us to consider limiting the number of other breeds to which the cats may be crossed. This would help it to develop a unique head and body shape and made it even more distinct."

###

The paper Selkirk Rex: Morphological and Genetic Characterization of a New Cat Breed by Serina Filler, Hasan Alhaddad, Barbara Gandolfi, Jennifer D. Kurushima, Alejandro Cortes, Christine Veit, Leslie A. Lyons and Gottfried Brem is published in the current issue of the Journal of Heredity (J Hered (2012) 103 (5): 727-733).

Abstract of the scientific article online (full text for a fee or with a subscription): http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/07/26/jhered.ess039

About the Vienna University of Veterinary Medicine

The University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna is the only academic and research institution in Austria that focuses on the veterinary sciences. About 1000 employees and 2300 students work on the campus in the north of Vienna, which also houses the animal hospital and various spin-off-companies. http://www.vetmeduni.ac.at

Scientific contact
Prof. Gottfried Brem
Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics
University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna
T +43 1 25077-5600
gottfried.brem@vetmeduni.ac.at

Distributed by
Klaus Wassermann
Public Relations/Science Communication
University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna
T +43 1 25077-1153

klaus.wassermann@vetmeduni.ac.at

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 30-Oct-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Prof. Gottfried Brem
gottfried.brem@vetmeduni.ac.at
43-125-077-5600
University of Veterinary Medicine -- Vienna

In 1987, a domestic cat rescued from a shelter in Montana, USA surprisingly gave birth to a curly-haired kitten. The kitten ended up mating with a Persian male and giving birth to a mixture of curly-haired and normal-haired kittens, which strongly suggested that the mutation in the rescued cat was dominant in nature: its presence on one of the two copies of the gene involved is sufficient to cause cats to have curly hair. The curly-haired kittens were attractive and were soon recognized as a new breed: the Selkirk Rex.

There are currently registered Selkirk Rex breeders throughout the world and their cats are extremely popular. Surprisingly, though, until recently there had not been any attempt to characterize the mutation responsible. Together with colleagues at the University of California, Davis and at Agrobiogen in Germany, Serina Filler and Gottfried Brem at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna have investigated the new breed and now present an initial description of the underlying mutation.

Because the mutation is dominant, Selkirk Rex cats may be homozygous (i.e. carry two copies of the mutation) or heterozygous (with one mutated and one "normal" copy of the gene). In fact, heterozygous cats are more popular as they show shorter ears, a more rounded head and a fully curled coat, all features that conform to the written standard for the breed. Homozygous cats tend to lose a large amount of hair when young, although they do not show bald areas of skin.

Filler examined the pattern of inheritance of these traits in over 150 cats, examining the DNA of most of them. She was able to show that the gene mutated in Selkirk Rex is distinct from mutations in other recognized breeds and she termed the mutation SADRE, or Selkirk Autosomal Dominant REx. Her analysis of the 20 available pedigrees suggested that the original mutation arose about eight or nine generations ago, which fits well with the breed's known history.

Cat breeds are very closely controlled and it is permitted to cross Selkirk Rex cats not only with other Selkirk Rexes but also with Persians, Exotic Shorthairs, British Shorthairs and British Longhairs. Because of this, the Selkirk Rex is a genetically diverse breed with a low coefficient of inbreeding. It seems to be closely related to Persian and British Shorthair cats, presumably reflecting the frequency with which cats of these breeds have been crossed with Selkirk Rex animals in the past. The influence of the British Shorthair seems more pronounced and this is consistent with the overall body shape of the animals.

Filler's results confirm that the Selkirk Rex breed arose from a spontaneous mutation in a single cat around 25 years ago. As the mutation is dominant it has been comparatively easy to retain and the breed appears to have a healthy level of genetic diversity because of the number of crosses with other breeds. As Filler says, "the present level of diversity within the Selkirk Rex would seem to be sufficient for us to consider limiting the number of other breeds to which the cats may be crossed. This would help it to develop a unique head and body shape and made it even more distinct."

###

The paper Selkirk Rex: Morphological and Genetic Characterization of a New Cat Breed by Serina Filler, Hasan Alhaddad, Barbara Gandolfi, Jennifer D. Kurushima, Alejandro Cortes, Christine Veit, Leslie A. Lyons and Gottfried Brem is published in the current issue of the Journal of Heredity (J Hered (2012) 103 (5): 727-733).

Abstract of the scientific article online (full text for a fee or with a subscription): http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/07/26/jhered.ess039

About the Vienna University of Veterinary Medicine

The University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna is the only academic and research institution in Austria that focuses on the veterinary sciences. About 1000 employees and 2300 students work on the campus in the north of Vienna, which also houses the animal hospital and various spin-off-companies. http://www.vetmeduni.ac.at

Scientific contact
Prof. Gottfried Brem
Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics
University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna
T +43 1 25077-5600
gottfried.brem@vetmeduni.ac.at

Distributed by
Klaus Wassermann
Public Relations/Science Communication
University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna
T +43 1 25077-1153

klaus.wassermann@vetmeduni.ac.at

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-10/uovm-mh103012.php

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Mars like Hawaii? NASA rover's first soil studies help fingerprint Martian minerals

ScienceDaily (Oct. 30, 2012) ? NASA's Mars rover Curiosity has completed initial experiments showing the mineralogy of Martian soil is similar to weathered basaltic soils of volcanic origin in Hawaii.

The minerals were identified in the first sample of Martian soil ingested recently by the rover. Curiosity used its Chemistry and Mineralogy instrument (CheMin) to obtain the results, which are filling gaps and adding confidence to earlier estimates of the mineralogical makeup of the dust and fine soil widespread on the Red Planet.

"We had many previous inferences and discussions about the mineralogy of Martian soil," said David Blake of NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif., who is the principal investigator for CheMin. "Our quantitative results provide refined and in some cases new identifications of the minerals in this first X-ray diffraction analysis on Mars."

The identification of minerals in rocks and soil is crucial for the mission's goal to assess past environmental conditions. Each mineral records the conditions under which it formed. The chemical composition of a rock provides only ambiguous mineralogical information, as in the textbook example of the minerals diamond and graphite, which have the same chemical composition, but strikingly different structures and properties.

CheMin uses X-ray diffraction, the standard practice for geologists on Earth using much larger laboratory instruments. This method provides more accurate identifications of minerals than any method previously used on Mars. X-ray diffraction reads minerals' internal structure by recording how their crystals distinctively interact with X-rays. Innovations from Ames led to an X-ray diffraction instrument compact enough to fit inside the rover.

These NASA technological advances have resulted in other applications on Earth, including compact and portable X-ray diffraction equipment for oil and gas exploration, analysis of archaeological objects and screening of counterfeit pharmaceuticals, among other uses.

"Our team is elated with these first results from our instrument," said Blake. "They heighten our anticipation for future CheMin analyses in the months and miles ahead for Curiosity."

The specific sample for CheMin's first analysis was soil Curiosity scooped up at a patch of dust and sand that the team named Rocknest. The sample was processed through a sieve to exclude particles larger than 0.006 inch (150 micrometers), roughly the width of a human hair. The sample has at least two components: dust distributed globally in dust storms and fine sand originating more locally. Unlike conglomerate rocks Curiosity investigated a few weeks ago, which are several billion years old and indicative of flowing water, the soil material CheMin has analyzed is more representative of modern processes on Mars.

"Much of Mars is covered with dust, and we had an incomplete understanding of its mineralogy," said David Bish, CheMin co-investigator with Indiana University in Bloomington. "We now know it is mineralogically similar to basaltic material, with significant amounts of feldspar, pyroxene and olivine, which was not unexpected. Roughly half the soil is non-crystalline material, such as volcanic glass or products from weathering of the glass. "

Bish said, "So far, the materials Curiosity has analyzed are consistent with our initial ideas of the deposits in Gale Crater recording a transition through time from a wet to dry environment. The ancient rocks, such as the conglomerates, suggest flowing water, while the minerals in the younger soil are consistent with limited interaction with water."

During the two-year prime mission of the Mars Science Laboratory Project, researchers are using Curiosity's 10 instruments to investigate whether areas in Gale Crater ever offered environmental conditions favorable for microbial life.

NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, manages the project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, and built Curiosity and CheMin.

For more information about Curiosity and its mission, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/msl and http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl .

For more information about a commercial application of the CheMin technology, visit: http://blogs.getty.edu/iris/mars-rover-technology-helps-unlock-art-mysteries/ .

You can follow the mission on Facebook and Twitter at: http://www.facebook.com/marscuriosity and http://www.twitter.com/marscuriosity .

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/mZC8nY2oOOc/121030154244.htm

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How to stress test your retirement plan

Are you saving enough for retirement, and will your retirement plan survive a damn good buffeting by an uncertain future? Obviously nobody knows, but you can stress test your strategy with a Monte Carlo simulator.

A Monte Carlo simulator takes your predicted pension pot and pits it against multiple visions of the future. It subjects your portfolio to random return sequences to determine the chances of your money running out before you breathe your last.

Staying in the black until you cark it is a win.

In contrast eating dog food in your eighties is not shown, but is the unsavoury implication of failure.

Retirement roulette

In some return scenarios, the 1980s dream sequence for equities will bubble into the dot.com boom and turn you into a multi-millionaire.

In other possible worlds, you?ll get hit by the Great Depression then World War 2 then the 1970s oil crisis, coming one after the other, like the three buses of the Apocalypse.

The main interest lies in the big % number written on your scorecard at the end. Handed out, as if Death himself was a Strictly judge, this shows the likelihood that you haven?t emptied your pot before you?ve completed the waltz of life.

To run a stress test on your own retirement plan, head to Vanguard, which hosts a free Monte Carlo retirement calculator that?s very simple to use.

The calculator wants to know:

Your total pension pot ? I used the figure projected by Hargreaves Lansdown?s calculator based on my existing salary and contributions (as we?ve previously discussed). Ignore the Vanguard calculator?s request for your portfolio?s balance today. Instead insert your projected pot as it will stand on the day you retire (but in today?s terms).

The annual income you require ? I used my current budget because I?m already a money-saving maven. I?m not going to spend much less in retirement unless I?m afraid to leave the house. If you?ve never imagined what your retirement income might look like, try this suggest-o-tron.

How long you plan to live ? Use the national averages, or try a life expectancy calculator, or accept the 30-year default.

Your asset allocation ? Use your current risk tolerance and these rules of thumb to guesstimate your likely asset allocation when you?re retired. Once you start playing with the calculator you?ll discover that there?s much less room for manoeuvre than you might imagine.

Place your bets

Run the simulator, let the digital dice roll, and you?ll end up with something like this:

The green zone represents all the time streams in which I lived happily after. The orange area shows the scenarios in which I bitterly regret not having children. In the worst-case scenario, the money tap runs dry after 16 years.

The important number is 78%. That?s the probability of my portfolio lasting for 30 years based on every scenario in the sim.

That?s not great. I?m not prepared to risk a 1-in-5 chance of hitting the skids.

Options for remedial action

So what am I to do?

Well, I could plan on cashing in my chips earlier.

Hmm.

What else? I can spend less, retire later, save more, and invest more aggressively.

Sticking with the moveable parts of the calculator, I try upping my equity allocation. But I can only hit an 81% success rate even with portfolios of 50 ? 75% in shares. Not good enough.

Time to pinch the pennies. I can reach an 88% survival rate by spending only ?18,000 a year. 10% less than I planned. This I can live with.

To hit the magic 100%, I either need to exit the stage after 20 years or get austere on my ass and only spend ?12K a year.

A kick in the assumptions

For simplicity?s sake, I haven?t taken into account my state pension or the fact tax would reduce my ?18K spending money to ?16.5K. Do work these factors into your own retirement plan.

UK investors should bear in mind that this is an American calculator that uses historical US asset return data (from 1926 to the present day).

Many commentators argue that this was a golden age for US assets that?s unlikely to be repeated. On top of that you can knock off about a point of growth every year to represent UK returns lagging the US.

As the returns data is based on indices, there?s also every chance that the simulator doesn?t take into account investment fees (although it doesn?t say so in the fine print), which will deplete a pot even faster.

Not including my state pension makes my results conservative enough to allow me to feel comfortable about the above issues, however.

Another thing to keep in mind is you don?t know how often you ran out of money with, say, less than 24-months on the clock. Quality of life may not matter as much near the very end.

Lastly, this kind of calculator assumes you draw down your portfolio until it runs out or you do. In reality, you may want to annuitise a large proportion of your pot and take the guessing out of the game. But that?s a different story.

This is the end, my friend

For all these reasons and more, you shouldn?t treat these numbers as gospel. At best they enable you to circle within the vicinity of your retirement destination. They?re not exact co-ordinates.

Darrow KirkPatrick from the excellent Can I Retire Yet? blog advises using several different retirement calculators. That way you?ll get a range of answers that would make an astrologer sound precise. The process should dispel the notion that there?s one, ?true? number to shoot for.

I highly recommend trying Firecalc ? it?s an excellent Monte Carlo sim with all kinds of tweakable options. Too much fun.

The vagaries of these calculators become a metaphor for the uncertain future ahead. Because however your retirement plan turns out, for better or worse, it won?t return the same answer as the calculator.

Take it steady,

The Accumulator

Thanks for reading! Monevator is a simply spiffing blog about making, saving, and investing money. Please do check out some of the best articles or follow our posts via Facebook, Twitter, email or RSS.

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Source: http://monevator.com/how-to-stress-test-your-retirement-plan/

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On U.S. Farms, Deaths in Silos Persist

E. Jason Wambsgans/Chicago Tribune

The grain-elevator complex in Mount Carroll, Ill., where two teenage boys died and another was injured while working in July 2010.

STERLING, Mich. ? Tommy Osier, 18, a popular but indifferent student, was still a year from graduating from high school, and that was no sure thing. Farm work paid him $7.40 an hour, taught him discipline and gave him new skills. He had begun talking about making a life in farming.

But he hated the chore he drew on Memorial Day of last year, working inside the silo at Pine Grove Farm. The corn was damp and crusted. It tended to hang up on the sides of the old six-story cement bin and had to be busted up with a steel rod before it would cascade to the bottom to be shoveled out.

That morning, just after 9, the phone rang in the Osier home. ?Tommy?s in the silo,? his sister relayed to their mother, Linda, unsure of what it meant.

Ms. Osier grew up on a hog farm and knew right away. ?He?s dead,? she said, slumping to the floor. ?Tommy?s dead.?

Even as the rate of serious injury and fatalities on American farms has fallen, the number of workers dying by entrapment in grain bins and silos has remained stubbornly steady. The annual number of such accidents rose throughout the past decade, reaching a peak of at least 26 deaths in 2010, before dropping somewhat since.

Silos teeming with corn, wheat or soybeans become death traps when grain cascades out of control, asphyxiating or crushing their victims. Since 2007, 80 farmworkers have died in silo accidents; 14 of them were teenage boys.

The deaths are horrific and virtually all preventable.

Experts say the continuing rate of silo deaths is due in part to the huge amount of corn being produced and stored in the United States to meet the global demand for food, feed and, increasingly, ethanol-based fuel.

That the deaths persist reveals continuing flaws in the enforcement of worker safety laws and weaknesses in rules meant to protect the youngest farmworkers. Nearly 20 percent of all serious grain bin accidents involve workers under the age of 20.

Last year, the Labor Department proposed new regulations aimed at tightening protections for children doing farm work.

The proposed federal regulations would have prohibited children under 18 from working in large commercial grain bins, silos or other enclosed spaces. But the Obama administration, sensitive to Republican charges that it was choking the economy with expensive regulations, pulled back the proposed rules this year in the face of furious farm-state objections.

Even those rules would not have covered working conditions on family farms and small operations like the one where Tommy Osier died and which account for 70 percent of grain entrapment accidents. Experts on farm safety say that most farmers are aware of the hazards of sending someone into a bin full of unstable grain, but often lack the equipment or training to protect their workers against an avalanche.

?The concept of walking down the grain should be avoided at all costs,? said Wayne Bauer, the safety director at the Star of the West Milling Company in Frankenmuth, Mich., which operates grain elevators in five states. ?And people sending kids into spaces where they have no business being deserve to be fined.?

Dave Schwab, who operated the farm where Tommy Osier died, told investigators that he knew the air inside silos could be toxic and combustible, but that he was unaware of the dangers of entrapment in cascading corn. He did not have air-monitoring or rescue equipment at the farm, but investigators found no evidence that he willfully flouted state rules for sending workers into confined spaces.

?They Didn?t Have a Clue?

Wyatt Whitebread, 14, had been on the job for just two weeks at a commercial grain-elevator complex in Mount Carroll, Ill., when he was sent into a 500,000-bushel storage tower to loosen corn kernels that were sticking to the side. Bin No. 9 was one of more than a dozen buildings on the property owned and operated by Haasbach L.L.C.

Shortly after he and other teenage workers entered the bin on July 10, 2010, a manager at the base opened two floor holes to speed the flow of the grain. The sudden action dragged Wyatt, who was walking atop the corn to help it flow, toward the floor of the bin, engulfing him under the corn as he screamed for help. Alejandro Pacas, 19, who had joined the work crew the day before, rushed over to aid him and was quickly entrapped himself. Both teenagers died in seconds.

Seth Berkman and Jake Rosenwasser contributed reporting from New York.

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/29/us/on-us-farms-deaths-in-silos-persist.html?partner=rss&emc=rss

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Singapore ? The Relevance Of EPO Decisions. - Conventus Law

Main-Line Corporate Holdings Ltd vs DBS Bank Ltd

Main-Line Corporate Holdings Ltd (Main-Line) is the owner of a patented method and system registered in Singapore on 30 June 2003, that automatically determines the operating currency in which to process a transaction for a credit card, charge card or debit card at the point of sale between a merchant and the cardholder, without the need for any manual selection or intervention by the merchant and/or the cardholder to identify the card?s currency (the Patent).

Main-Line claimed that DBS Bank Ltd (DBS) had infringed the Patent, through the use of an automatic currency detection service (Monex System) provided by E-Clearing Singapore Pte Ltd.

Prior to this case, Main-Line brought an action for infringement against United Overseas Bank Ltd (UOB) and First Currency Choice, UOB?s service provider (UOB case). In the UOB case, the defendants denied infringement and counterclaimed for revocation of the Patent. Both the High Court (the court of first instance) and Court of Appeal (the highest and court of final appeal) found that the Patent was novel and involved an inventive step, and dismissed the defendants? argument on the issue of insufficient disclosure.? Both courts also found that the case for infringement was made out.

In the present case, which was heard before the High Court, one of the arguments made by DBS was that the Patent was invalid because of the European Patent Office?s (EPO) recent invalidation of Main-Line?s corresponding European patent. DBS submitted that in light of the EPO?s decision, the court was entitled to revisit the issue of Patent?s validity, despite the decisions of the High Court and the Court of Appeal in the UOB case.

The court considered the question of whether it was bound by the decision of the Court of Appeal in the UOB case in light of the recent EPO decision, and, if so, to what extent. The court found that it was not free to depart from the decision of the Court of Appeal, especially since Singapore, not being part of the European Patent Convention (EPC), was under a different legal and regulatory regime for patents, and thus in certain areas may apply different legal principles.

The court also observed that even in the UK, which was party to the EPC, it was acknowledged that national courts may come to different conclusions from the European Patent Office (EPO) in essentially the same matters, despite the fact that the English courts strived for consistency with the EPO in matters of principle. Lower instance courts in the UK also continued to be bound by decisions of the House of Lords (now the UK Supreme Court), regardless of any EPO decision.

After confirming that the Patent was valid, the court concluded that DBS had infringed the Patent, as the Monex System functioned in a manner equivalent to the essential integers of the Patent. The court found that since DBS knew about the Patent prior to the alleged infringing act and had benefited from transactions using the Monex System, DBS was liable for infringement of the Patent.?

Source: http://conventuslaw.com/singapore-the-relevance-of-epo-decisions?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=singapore-the-relevance-of-epo-decisions

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Forstall, Browett leaving Apple next year

CNBC's Jon Fortt reports on significant management departures at Apple, including the head of iPhone software and the boss of the company's retail operation.

By Joy Jernigan, NBC News

Scott Forstall, senior vice president of iPhone Software at Apple, is out.

Stephen Lam / Reuters

Scott Forstall, senior vice president of iOS Software at Apple Inc., demonstrates turn-by-turn navigation in iOS6 using Siri on June 11 during the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference 2012 in San Francisco.

Forstall was one?of the original architects of the Mac operating system and head of its smartphone software. He gave a demo of Siri's voice recognition software at a special Apple event last year and most recently?headed up?Apple's recent maps disaster, which prompted a public apology from CEO Tim Cook. Forstall will leave Apple next year but will?continue to serve as an adviser to Cook in the interim, the company announced on Monday.

Eddy Cue, Apple's senior vice president of Internet software and services,?will take on responsibility for Siri and Maps, placing all of online services in one group. Those two products, formerly overseen by Forstall, have received mixed reviews and customer complaints in recent months.?

?We are in one of the most prolific periods of innovation and new products in Apple?s history,? said Cook in a press release. ?The amazing products that we?ve introduced in September and October, iPhone 5, iOS 6, iPad mini, iPad, iMac, MacBook Pro, iPod touch, iPod nano and many of our applications, could only have been created at Apple and are the direct result of our relentless focus on tightly integrating world-class hardware, software and services.??

Despite Apple's recent iPad mini reveal, the company?reported quarterly earnings that missed Wall Street's?forecasts on Thursday and an outlook that fell shy of estimates.

Forstall's departure was among?executive management changes?announced by Apple.?John Browett, Apple's senior vice president of retail,?is also leaving after just?six months on the job.

Information from Reuters and the Associated Press was included in this report.

More business news:

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Source: http://bottomline.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/10/29/14785299-forstall-browett-leaving-apple-next-year?lite

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Internet Hosting Companies And Plans | My Six Strings Blog

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Source: http://mysixstringsblog.com/internet-hosting-companies-and-plans/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=internet-hosting-companies-and-plans

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Key discovered to how chemotherapy drug causes heart failure

Public release date: 28-Oct-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Scott Merville
smerville@mdanderson.org
713-792-0661
University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center

Details of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity may prevent deadly complication; biomarker study open

HOUSTON - Doxorubicin, a 50-year-old chemotherapy drug still in widespread use against a variety of cancers, has long been known to destroy heart tissue, as well as tumors, in some patients.

Scientists have identified an unexpected mechanism via the enzyme Top2b that drives the drug's attack on heart muscle, providing a new approach for identifying patients who can safely tolerate doxorubicin and for developing new drugs. A team led by scientists at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center reports its findings about the general DNA-damaging drug today in the journal Nature Medicine.

"Even in this age of targeted therapies, doxorubicin remains an effective agent used mainly in combination with other drugs against a variety of malignancies, including breast, lung, ovarian and bladder cancers, as well as leukemia and lymphoma," said Edward T.H. Yeh, M.D., professor and chair of MD Anderson's Department of Cardiology and senior author of the study.

"However, its use is limited by its cardiotoxicity, which can lead to heart failure," Yeh said. "We're excited because we've identified the molecular basis for doxorubicin's damage to the heart."

A tale of two enzymes

Doxorubicin binds to topoisomerase2 (Top2), an enzyme that controls the unwinding of DNA necessary for cell division.

There are two types of Top2, Yeh said. Top2a is overproduced in cancer cells but largely absent in normal cells. The reverse is true for Top2b, virtually absent in cancer cells but present in normal cells.

Doxorubicin destroys cancer cells by binding to Top2a and to DNA, causing irreparable damage in the form of double-strand DNA breaks. This triggers apoptosis, a cellular suicide mechanism designed to prevent the growth of defective cells.

Yeh and colleagues found that the drug binds to Top2b in cardiomyocytes - heart muscle cells - but it inflicts its damage in a different manner from its attack on cancer cells, yet consistent with longstanding belief about the heart-damaging culprit.

Old suspect: reactive oxygen species

Increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), highly reactive molecules that contain oxygen, have been observed after doxorubicin treatment. ROS are a normal byproduct of metabolism and play other roles, but at high levels cause cellular damage, a condition called oxidative stress.

ROS damage to cardiomyocytes via the redox cycle - a swapping of electrons to cause either oxidation or reduction of molecules - was hypothesized as the cause of doxorubicin-driven cardiotoxicity. Yet, therapies to directly reduce ROS levels did not prevent heart damage.

"We provide an explanation for the classic observation that doxorubicin generates major ROS, but we show that the entire cardiotoxicity cascade depends on Top2b," Yeh said.

The experiments

The team developed an inducible mouse model in which treatment with the drug tamoxifen would knock out the Top2b gene only in heart muscle. They found:

• Top2b protein levels were much lower in the knockout mice.
• Top2b is not necessary for heart health. Mice without the gene lived for more than 10 months in excellent health.

Then they treated mice with and without Top2b with doxorubicin and analyzed their hearts 16 hours later. The results from microarray analysis include:

• Activation of DNA damage control and apoptosis genes, including the p53 pathway, was greatly increased in treated mice with intact Top2b.
• Increased levels of Top2b correlated with increases in gene transcription, double-strand breaks and cell death.

So far, it looked a lot like the way doxorubicin attacks cancer cells via Top2a. But the team then repeated the experiment 72 hours after doxorubicin treatment. They found:

• Activation of DNA damage pathways was replaced by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation pathways in mice with intact Top2b. Mitochondria generate a cell's energy and in the process control ROS.
• Expression of genes vital to the formation and proper function of mitochondria was reduced in the presence of Top2b.

New suspect: Topoisomerase 2b

A series of experiments confirmed that ROS generation was caused by changes in gene activation, not the redox cycle; that doxorubicin treatment generated ROS in the hearts of Top2b-positive mice, but this was reduced by 70 percent in mice with Top2b knocked out; and that hearts of mice with intact Top2b had diminished pumping capacity after treatment with the drug.

Thus, doxorubicin causes heart damage both by inducing DNA double strand breaks and by affecting the heart muscle's metabolism. Both factors are entirely dependent on Top2b.

Clinical study launched to test biomarker potential

The team's mouse model experiments led to a clinical study now under way among two types of cancer patients - those who have received small amounts of doxorubicin and developed heart problems, and those who received large amounts of the drug yet without apparent heart damage.

The study aims to find whether patients' blood levels of Top2b indicate their sensitivity to doxorubicin-induced heart damage. It's funded by a $1.84 million, 5-year grant from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas.

If the outcome of the clinical study is as predicted, a simple blood test could indicate who will be sensitive to doxorubicin, Yeh said. Protective measures, such as using cardiac protective drugs or close monitoring, could be taken early in treatment or the drug could be avoided altogether.

Another exciting alternative to avoid doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is to develop drugs that only target Top2a, Yeh said.

"We want to make sure that cancer patients will have healthy hearts to enjoy their life after successful cancer treatment," Yeh said.

###

Co-authors with Yeh are first author Sui Zhang, M.D., Ph.D., and Tasneem Bawa-Khalfe, Ph.D., both of MD Anderson's Department of Cardiology; Xiaobing Liu, M.D., and Long-Sheng Lu, M.D., Ph.D., of the Texas Heart Institute/St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital in Houston; and Yi Lisa Lyu, Ph.D., and Leroy Liu, Ph.D., of the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at the University of Dentistry and Medicine of New Jersey. Xiaobing Liu also is affiliated with the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in Shanghai.

The project was funded by grants from The National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute (CA102463), the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, the Robert and Janice McNair Foundation, the New Jersey Commission on Cancer Research, and the U.S. Department of Defense.

About MD Anderson

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston ranks as one of the world's most respected centers focused on cancer patient care, research, education and prevention. MD Anderson is one of only 41 comprehensive cancer centers designated by the National Cancer Institute. For nine of the past 11 years, including 2012, MD Anderson has ranked No. 1 in cancer care in "America's Best Hospitals," a survey published annually in U.S. News & World Report.

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 28-Oct-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Scott Merville
smerville@mdanderson.org
713-792-0661
University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center

Details of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity may prevent deadly complication; biomarker study open

HOUSTON - Doxorubicin, a 50-year-old chemotherapy drug still in widespread use against a variety of cancers, has long been known to destroy heart tissue, as well as tumors, in some patients.

Scientists have identified an unexpected mechanism via the enzyme Top2b that drives the drug's attack on heart muscle, providing a new approach for identifying patients who can safely tolerate doxorubicin and for developing new drugs. A team led by scientists at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center reports its findings about the general DNA-damaging drug today in the journal Nature Medicine.

"Even in this age of targeted therapies, doxorubicin remains an effective agent used mainly in combination with other drugs against a variety of malignancies, including breast, lung, ovarian and bladder cancers, as well as leukemia and lymphoma," said Edward T.H. Yeh, M.D., professor and chair of MD Anderson's Department of Cardiology and senior author of the study.

"However, its use is limited by its cardiotoxicity, which can lead to heart failure," Yeh said. "We're excited because we've identified the molecular basis for doxorubicin's damage to the heart."

A tale of two enzymes

Doxorubicin binds to topoisomerase2 (Top2), an enzyme that controls the unwinding of DNA necessary for cell division.

There are two types of Top2, Yeh said. Top2a is overproduced in cancer cells but largely absent in normal cells. The reverse is true for Top2b, virtually absent in cancer cells but present in normal cells.

Doxorubicin destroys cancer cells by binding to Top2a and to DNA, causing irreparable damage in the form of double-strand DNA breaks. This triggers apoptosis, a cellular suicide mechanism designed to prevent the growth of defective cells.

Yeh and colleagues found that the drug binds to Top2b in cardiomyocytes - heart muscle cells - but it inflicts its damage in a different manner from its attack on cancer cells, yet consistent with longstanding belief about the heart-damaging culprit.

Old suspect: reactive oxygen species

Increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), highly reactive molecules that contain oxygen, have been observed after doxorubicin treatment. ROS are a normal byproduct of metabolism and play other roles, but at high levels cause cellular damage, a condition called oxidative stress.

ROS damage to cardiomyocytes via the redox cycle - a swapping of electrons to cause either oxidation or reduction of molecules - was hypothesized as the cause of doxorubicin-driven cardiotoxicity. Yet, therapies to directly reduce ROS levels did not prevent heart damage.

"We provide an explanation for the classic observation that doxorubicin generates major ROS, but we show that the entire cardiotoxicity cascade depends on Top2b," Yeh said.

The experiments

The team developed an inducible mouse model in which treatment with the drug tamoxifen would knock out the Top2b gene only in heart muscle. They found:

• Top2b protein levels were much lower in the knockout mice.
• Top2b is not necessary for heart health. Mice without the gene lived for more than 10 months in excellent health.

Then they treated mice with and without Top2b with doxorubicin and analyzed their hearts 16 hours later. The results from microarray analysis include:

• Activation of DNA damage control and apoptosis genes, including the p53 pathway, was greatly increased in treated mice with intact Top2b.
• Increased levels of Top2b correlated with increases in gene transcription, double-strand breaks and cell death.

So far, it looked a lot like the way doxorubicin attacks cancer cells via Top2a. But the team then repeated the experiment 72 hours after doxorubicin treatment. They found:

• Activation of DNA damage pathways was replaced by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation pathways in mice with intact Top2b. Mitochondria generate a cell's energy and in the process control ROS.
• Expression of genes vital to the formation and proper function of mitochondria was reduced in the presence of Top2b.

New suspect: Topoisomerase 2b

A series of experiments confirmed that ROS generation was caused by changes in gene activation, not the redox cycle; that doxorubicin treatment generated ROS in the hearts of Top2b-positive mice, but this was reduced by 70 percent in mice with Top2b knocked out; and that hearts of mice with intact Top2b had diminished pumping capacity after treatment with the drug.

Thus, doxorubicin causes heart damage both by inducing DNA double strand breaks and by affecting the heart muscle's metabolism. Both factors are entirely dependent on Top2b.

Clinical study launched to test biomarker potential

The team's mouse model experiments led to a clinical study now under way among two types of cancer patients - those who have received small amounts of doxorubicin and developed heart problems, and those who received large amounts of the drug yet without apparent heart damage.

The study aims to find whether patients' blood levels of Top2b indicate their sensitivity to doxorubicin-induced heart damage. It's funded by a $1.84 million, 5-year grant from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas.

If the outcome of the clinical study is as predicted, a simple blood test could indicate who will be sensitive to doxorubicin, Yeh said. Protective measures, such as using cardiac protective drugs or close monitoring, could be taken early in treatment or the drug could be avoided altogether.

Another exciting alternative to avoid doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is to develop drugs that only target Top2a, Yeh said.

"We want to make sure that cancer patients will have healthy hearts to enjoy their life after successful cancer treatment," Yeh said.

###

Co-authors with Yeh are first author Sui Zhang, M.D., Ph.D., and Tasneem Bawa-Khalfe, Ph.D., both of MD Anderson's Department of Cardiology; Xiaobing Liu, M.D., and Long-Sheng Lu, M.D., Ph.D., of the Texas Heart Institute/St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital in Houston; and Yi Lisa Lyu, Ph.D., and Leroy Liu, Ph.D., of the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at the University of Dentistry and Medicine of New Jersey. Xiaobing Liu also is affiliated with the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in Shanghai.

The project was funded by grants from The National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute (CA102463), the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, the Robert and Janice McNair Foundation, the New Jersey Commission on Cancer Research, and the U.S. Department of Defense.

About MD Anderson

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston ranks as one of the world's most respected centers focused on cancer patient care, research, education and prevention. MD Anderson is one of only 41 comprehensive cancer centers designated by the National Cancer Institute. For nine of the past 11 years, including 2012, MD Anderson has ranked No. 1 in cancer care in "America's Best Hospitals," a survey published annually in U.S. News & World Report.

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-10/uotm-kdt102512.php

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Top regulators warn on expanding president's powers

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Owoo! Why werewolves give us the willies

Werewolves took center stage in "The Wolfman," a movie released in 2010.

By Alan Boyle

Linda Godfrey is so sure about the existence of weird walking wolves that she's written a book titled "Real Wolfmen: True Encounters in Modern America." In more than 300 pages, she lays out dozens of stories about sightings of nasty-looking beasts running around on their hairy hind legs. Scientists are unconvinced ? but they do admit that humans are virtually hard-wired to watch out for wolves on the darkness.

"The werewolf idea is strictly a product of our imagination, but it comes along with a culture of thousands of years of fear of wolves," said Michigan Tech's Rolf Peterson, who has studied wolves for decades at Isle Royale National Park in Lake Superior. "It's just an outgrowth of that. But there's nothing out there that's anything like a werewolf. It's all in our heads."

Try telling that to Godfrey and the people whose dog-man reports are featured in her book.

"I've received hundreds of reports over the years ... and that's probably a small percentage of the actual sightings of these creatures," she told me. "So many people are in denial when they have these experiences, because it sort of rocks their world."

---

Quest for the beast
Godfrey had her own world rocked in 1991 when, as a rookie reporter in Elkhorn, Wis., she wrote about a sightings of a creature that came to be known as the "Beast of Bray Road." The beast was said to be a 6-foot-tall, fur-covered wolflike animal that chased after witnesses on its hind legs.

Linda Godfrey

Linda Godfrey, author of "Real Wolfmen," created this sketch of an upright canid based on reports from witnesses.

"I can't find any scientific reason why feral canines should walk on their hind legs, in the absence of, say, a missing forelimb," Godfrey said. "I can't find any experts who can tell me why they should do this. But they do."

Sure, there have been hoaxes: The most famous case is the?Gable Film, a home-movie reel that appears to show a dark shape attacking the person holding the camera. The film was eventually traced to a couple of guys trying to hype a "Michigan Dog-Man" tale.

Godfrey acknowledges that some of the wolfman reports actually turn out to be misidentifications of four-legged wolves, or bears rearing up on their hind legs. Other "wolfmen" have turned out merely to be weird men lurking around the countryside. And there's actually a rare malady known as hypertrichosis that can make people look like the wolfmen in the movies.

But Godfrey insists that even after all those cases are eliminated, there are solid sightings that can't be explained away.

She emphasized that she's not making claims about magical beings that change from humans to wolves and back again, like Jacob and his fellow shape-shifters in the wildly popular "Twilight" saga.?"The thing about these creatures that people report to me is that they're not describing something that has human characteristics, only odd behavior that reminds them of humans," Godfrey said.

So if there are all these reports of "upright canids," why haven't scientists identified this, um, unusual species??"It has the ability to get around whichever way is most convenient," Godfrey explained. "If you saw one of these things on four legs, you would just say there's an extremely large, creepy-looking canine that's walking by on all fours."

In her book, Godfrey voices the hope that high-tech gear such as motion-sensitive trail cameras and night-vision imaging devices will eventually produce indisputable evidence to back up all the stories Godfrey has heard over the past 20 years. But so far, scientists aren't buying it. "I haven't had any that say, 'Yes, I know there are dog-men,'" Godfrey acknowledged.

Rabies and other reasons
Michigan Tech's Peterson is one of the scientists Godfrey has contacted in the course of her wolfman quest ??and although he doesn't see any reason to believe the dog-man reports are real, he notes that there are plenty of reasons for werewolf tales to take root.

"The basis for people's fear of wolves is not totally without evidence," he told me. "The wolf is the species that has posed the most difficulty for us, aside from our own species."

For one thing, there's rabies, a disease that was common in Europe during the heyday of the werewolf saga, starting in the 16th century. It would have been unnerving to see someone who was bitten by a rabid dog or wolf sicken and go mad within a matter of days ? and that would have added credence to the idea that such people were being transformed into a kind of wild animal.

Another reason is that wolves truly are predators: In the old days, children who were pressed into service as shepherds made for tasty targets, Peterson noted. And we're not just talking about the old days. Peterson pointed to a grisly string of wolf attacks on children in India that took place in 1996-97, as well as more recent episodes.

There's another side of the coin, of course: Thousands of years ago, humans domesticated wolves to create man's best friend. "We've been around wolves for tens of thousands of years, and we developed dogs out of it, so we have a long association with that particular species," Peterson said. With that kind of complex love-hate relationship, it's not surprising that the world's cultures have produced such a rich store of wolf-man archetypes ? ranging from the skinwalkers of Native American lore to Jacob's hunky wolf pack. Our tendency to see wolves in the shadowy shapes of the night may well be a reflex that's been fine-tuned over countless millennia.

But what about the wolves? Peterson's specialty is the study of relationships between wolves and their prey, and he's noticed that the wolves of Isle Royale periodically change their perspective on people as well.

"Seven, eight years ago, after 45 years of being totally terrified of people, the wolves suddenly lost their fear of people," he told me. "Then, after about three years, they switched back to being afraid. I have absolutely no idea what caused either switch. They have their own cultural knowledge about us, and they transmit that from generation to generation, I suspect."

Did I just feel a chill going down my spine?

More Halloween stories to chew on:

---

Stay tuned for a Halloween reality check on vampire legends.

Alan Boyle is NBCNews.com's science editor. Connect with the Cosmic Log community by "liking" the log's?Facebook page, following?@b0yle on Twitter?and adding the?Cosmic Log page?to your Google+ presence. To keep up with Cosmic Log as well as NBCNews.com's other stories about science and space, sign up for the Tech & Science newsletter, delivered to your email in-box every weekday. You can also check out?"The Case for Pluto,"?my book about the controversial dwarf planet and the search for new worlds.

Source: http://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/10/27/14724203-why-werewolves-give-us-the-willies?lite

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Vientiane Or Luang Prabang Full Day Tour

OPTION 1: VIENTIANE HALF-DAY CITY TOUR

(No Lunch)

A.M or P.M Take a half day sightseeing tour of Vientiane, the capital of the Lao PDR, visit religious museums of Wat Sisaket, the oldest temple to have been survived from the Siamese war of 1828 and its cloister contains more than 8000 Buddha statues; Wat Ho Prakeo, the former home-temple of the Emerald Buddha statue or Pra Keo, but today it contains a collection of Buddha statues, antiques and all artifacts found in around Vientiane; That Luang Stupa, the single most important monument in Laos, which was built to cover the original small stupa containing a piece of the chest bone of Buddha; Patouxay (Arch de Triumph), built quite recently in commemoration of those who died during the wars in the past and it is today as the land mark of Vientiane and drive to outskirts of Vientiane to visit Ban Nongbouathong, the well-known village of Tai Deang ethnic sub-group for silk weaving textiles with natural dyes.

OPTION 2: LUANG PRABANG FULL-DAY TOUR

A.M meet at hotel and begin to visit the National Museum, the former Royal Palace which houses the collection of valuables including the famous Prabang Buddha statue, gifts received from foreign dignitaries...etc. Visit Hmong market for shopping in town. Drive to outskirts of Luang Prabang to visit Ban Xangkhong, the well-known village for making wood papers and also Lao silk weavings with natural dyes.

P.M take a sightseeing tour of the sacred city of temples, of which nearly fifty still remain in the town and surrounding areas. Visit Wat Visoun, the 16th century temple served as a small museum for religious artifacts; Wat Aham, the early 19th century temple, whose two guardian figures at the foot of the steps which represent two characters from the Ramayana Hanuman, the Monkey God and a fierce Yaksa; Wat Xiengthong, the 16th century temple, which more than any temples in Luang Prabang, epitomizes all the elegance and grace of Luang Prabang architecture; Phousi Hill, the 328 steps leads to the summit of Phousi Hill that dominates the sky-line of Luang Prabang overlooking the finest panoramic view in the whole Luang Prabang.

Cost in US$ per person in the party

INCLUDING:

Transfers & tours with English speaking guide.

Private air-conditioned transport + boat.

Entrance fees for sightseeing as indicated in the itinerary.

Baggage handling and porterage.

Refreshing tower and drinking on tour.

Service charge & government tax.

EXCLUDING:

Travel insurance against any personal injury of illness and damage of the property incurred during the course of this trip.

Personal expenses such as: drinks, phone calls, laundry, tip...etc.

About the Author:
HUONG VIET TRAVEL MEMBER OF PATA, ASTA, IATA
Add: 20 Nguyen Truong To Str, Hanoi, Vietnam
Tel : (84-4) 37162149 Fax: (84-4) 37161738
Website: www.huongviettravel.com | http://www.aseantravelandtours.com | http://www.visavietnamonline.com

Vietnam Travel Packages | Vietnam Visa | Cambodia Tours | Myanmar Tours | Laos Tours | China Tours

Source: http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Vientiane-Or-Luang-Prabang-Full-----Day-Tour/4236324

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Video: Barrage of campaign ads hit Ohio

Sandy bringing floods, winds, snow -- but where?

The entire Northeast coast was told Friday to be prepared for potential flooding, high winds and even snow early next week as Hurricane Sandy made its way north after killing 41 people in the Caribbean.

Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3036697/vp/49574265#49574265

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Benghazi attack: Urgent call for military help ?was denied by chain of command?

Citing ?sources who were on the ground? in Benghazi, Libya, Fox News is reporting that an urgent request for military help during last month?s terrorist attack on the US consulate there ?was denied by the CIA chain of command.?

The attack, on the anniversary of 9/11, killed US Ambassador Christopher Stevens and three embassy personnel, including two former Navy SEALs working as security contractors.

Among other things reported in some detail, Fox asserts that a Special Operations team had been moved to US military facilities in Sigonella, Italy ? approximately two hours away ? but were never told to deploy.

?The fighting at the CIA annex [in Benghazi] went on for more than four hours ? enough time for any planes based in Sigonella Air base, just 480 miles away, to arrive. Fox News has also learned that two separate Tier One Special operations forces were told to wait, among them Delta Force operators.?

Think you know the Middle East? Take our geography quiz.

This latest report comes as the Obama administration continues to fend off criticism that it misunderstood (or deliberately misled in its public statements) what was happening in Benghazi, including the extent to which al Qaeda or its affiliates were involved in the attack.

Writing last week in the conservative National Review online, former Marine Corps officer and Reagan administration senior Pentagon official Francis ?Bing? West outlined much the same scenario as Fox News, including a timeline of events in Benghazi.

?Fighter jets could have been at Benghazi in an hour; the commandos inside three hours,? Mr. West wrote. ?If the attackers were a mob, as intelligence reported, then an F-18 [Navy fighter jet] in afterburner, roaring like a lion, would unnerve them. This procedure was applied often in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Conversely, if the attackers were terrorists, then the U.S. commandos would eliminate them. But no forces were dispatched from Sigonella.?

?For our top leadership, with all the technological and military tools at their disposal, to have done nothing for seven hours was a joint civilian and military failure of initiative and nerve,? writes West, a Vietnam combat veteran who has reported extensively on US combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. ?Secretary of State Clinton has said the responsibility was hers. But there has been no assertion that the State Department overruled the Pentagon out of concern about the sovereignty of Libyan air space. Instead, it appears passive groupthink prevailed, with the assumption being that a spontaneous mob would quickly run out of steam.?

CIA and Obama administration officials have been quick to rebut such critical news reports.

CIA spokeswoman Jennifer Youngblood denied to Fox the claims that requests for support were turned down.

"We can say with confidence that the Agency reacted quickly to aid our colleagues during that terrible evening in Benghazi," she said. "Moreover, no one at any level in the CIA told anybody not to help those in need; claims to the contrary are simply inaccurate. In fact, it is important to remember how many lives were saved by courageous Americans who put their own safety at risk that night ? and that some of those selfless Americans gave their lives in the effort to rescue their comrades."

At a press conference this week, Defense Secretary Leon Panetta said the US military did not quickly intervene during the attack because military leaders did not have adequate intelligence information and felt they should not put American forces at risk, reports the Associated Press.

"The basic principle is that you don't deploy forces into harm's way without knowing what's going on; without having some real-time information about what's taking place," Mr. Panetta told Pentagon reporters. "And as a result of not having that kind of information, the commander who was on the ground in that area, Gen. Ham, Gen. Dempsey and I felt very strongly that we could not put forces at risk in that situation."

Panetta was referring to Gen. Carter Ham, the head of US Africa Command, and Gen. Martin Dempsey, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Meanwhile, Republicans in Congress are pressing their case for more information.

In a letter to President Obama Thursday, House Speaker John Boehner questioned whether the White House considered military options during or immediately after the attack, and he questioned what the president knew about the security threats in the country. He said that the national debate over the incident shows that Americans are concerned and frustrated about the administration's response to the attack.

"Can you explain what options were presented to you or your staff, and why it appears assets were not allowed to be pre-positioned, let alone utilized? If these reports are accurate, the artificial constraint on the range of options at your disposal would be deeply troubling," Rep. Boehner wrote.

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/benghazi-attack-urgent-call-military-help-denied-chain-145655960.html

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Ericsson seeks more cost cuts as slowdown bites

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ericsson-seeks-more-cost-cuts-global-slowdown-bites-075636474--sector.html

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